Taylor Theory Of Motivation Commerce Essay

Taylor opening Of Motivation Commerce EssayMotivation is the word derived from the word motive which means needs desires wants or drives within the individuals. It is the process of exhilarating masses to actions to accomplish the goals. In the work goal context the psychological factors stimulating the peoples behavior send word beOne of the most important functions of management is to create ordainingness among the employees to perform in the best of their abilities. Therefore the role of a leader is to arouse interest in performance of employees in their jobs. The process of want consists of the stagesA felt need or driveA stimulus in which needs have to be arousedWhen needs atomic number 18 satisfied, the cheer or accomplishment of goals.Therefore, we merchantman say that pauperism is a psychological phenomenon which means needs and want of the individual tackled by framing an incentive plan.Taylor Theory of MotivationFrederick Winslow Taylor (1856 1917) put forward t he predilection that workers ar motivated mainly by pay. His Theory of Scientific Management argued the followingWorkers do not course enjoy work and so need close supervision and control.Therefore managers should break down tackle into a series of small tasksWorkers should therefore be presumption appropriate training and tools so they can work as efficiently as possible on one set task.Workers argon then paying(a) according to the number of items they produce in a set period of time- piece-rate pay.As a result workers are encouraged to work hard and increase their productivity.Taylors methods were widely adopted as businesses saw the benefits of increased productivity levels and lower unit costs. The most notably advocate was Henry Ford who used them to fig the first ever production line, making Ford cars. This was the start of the era of mass production.Taylors approach has close links with the concept of an autocratic management sort (managers take all the decisions a nd simply give orders to those below them) and Macgregors Theory X approach to workers (workers are viewed as lazy and wish to avoid responsibility).However workers before long came to dis give care Taylors approach as they were only given boring, repetitive tasks to carry out and were being treated little better than human machines. Firms could too spread out to lay off workers as productivity levels increased. This led to an increase in strikes and other forms of industrial action by dis-satisfied workers.Elton Mayo (1880 1949) believed that workers are not dependable concerned with money but could be better motivated by having their social needs met whilst at work (something that Taylor ignored). He introduced the Human Relation shallow of thought, which focused on managers taking more of an interest in the workers, treating them as people who have worthwhile opinions and realizing that workers enjoy interacting together.Mayo conducted a series of experiments at the Hawthor ne factory of the Western Electric Comp either in ChicagoHe isolated two groups of women workers and studied the effect on their productivity levels of changing factors such as lighting and work conditions.He expected to see productivity levels decline as lighting or other conditions became progressively worseWhat he actually discovered surprised him whatever the change in lighting or working conditions, the productivity levels of the workers improved or remained the same.From this Mayo concluded that workers are best motivated byBetter communicationbetween managers and workers (Hawthorne workers were consulted over the experiments and also had the opportunity to give feedback)Greater manager involvementin employees working lives (Hawthorne workers responded to the increased level of attention they were receiving)Working in groups or teams(Hawthorne workers did not previously regularly work in teams)In practice therefore businesses should re-organize production to encourage great er use of team working and introduce soulfulnessnel departments to encourage greater manager involvement in looking after employees interests. His theory most closely fits in with a paternalistic style of management.CUsersraja atifDesktopimage083.pngFigure 2.Explain the Taylor motivation theory.The Expectancy theoryThe Expectancy theory states that employees motivation is an sequel of how much an individual wants a reward. You can check the employee how is doing efforts for his work and how he understand his work and how much he is giving good results individually or in team work. Is he having a leadership quality? He is having a good communication skills .Is he updated with all kinds of information regarding company and also with the market. If he is having a good post in the company how he utilizes his powers in work .He must be a very honest person and also not using his power in wrong ways. He should have great temperament to build good relationship with colleagues. If some person is doing mistakes and lack of knowledge he is available for him or her to guide.CUsersraja atifDesktoppicture_vroom_expectancy_theory.gifFigure 3.Explain the Expectancy theory.How can business leaders keep employees motivated?Small businesses can take a number of steps in a bid to keep their employees motivated, it has been claimed.Kevin Friary, clinical director at Right Management Workplace Wellness, say that when work is largely physical and repetitive, money is a good motivator.So for businesses operating in this arena, the waxment of cleared financial mechanisms to reward effort will produce more motivation.For others the picture is more complicated in fact, evidence suggests that when you are looking at brainpower, the more money you throw at people the less productivity you achieve, Mr Friery noted.Motivated staff tends to be people who are given opportunities to excel in an area in which they have specialist abilities.Employees should omit at least a small amount of time at work doing things that stretch them, he suggested.This gives them the opportunity to contribute and see the difference they are making.Giving people flexibility to arrange their work in a way in which they feel they have some control is an important incite factor, Mr. Friary added.He said managers who see a key part of their role as identifying people doing something right are far more motivating than those who are simply quick to point out the errors.Perhaps most important is clarity and honesty, linked to performance management, Mr. Friary added.He said that by setting clear performance indicators, along with a good measurement process, both employee and employer can engage in a dialogue about the working relationship and develop an adult, motivated engagement.CUsersraja atifDesktopSmall-business_666_801364498_0_0_14059739_562.jpgFigure .4.explain how can leaders motivate there employees.INTEL CASE STUDYAccording to Intel Corporation the desire of employees is everythi ng for them. By having these kind of idea in their mind Intel is giving financial benefits to their employees which differ from other companies like for motivating the employee for their work Intel has many financial benefits which are like Intel has giving shrive laptops to their employees so the employees can store all of their personal and confidential data on their computer.They are as followsHealth benefitIntel is not giving the wellness benefit only for their employees but they are also giving benefits to the whole family of that employee. By doing this Intel is giving benefit to the whole family.LeaveIf a employee want to take break he just have to go and tell the company for a leave and the company will give leave to the employee without asking any further question.RetirementIf an employee is being retired from the company he can still be in contact with the company.If an employee cant afford his cost of living then company will pay his cost of living without taking any kin d of work from him.Case study of Sheraton HotelsSheraton is a big international set up of hotels and resort. Sheraton hotels are one of the best brands in the hospitality industry. Sheraton is providing best services to their guest. The person who pays for staying in the hotel called guest but Sheraton also consider employees as an intragroup guests. Thats why Sheraton hotels give lots of motivation benefits to the employees with the basic salaries .Sheraton give bonus, medical facilities, school fee of the employee kids, Air ticket, and 50 % discount in Sheraton made things like if you buy cake from Sheraton hotel they will give you 50% discount as a employee and if you are living in KL and working in Sheraton KL and you are passage to Karachi Pakistan and you want to stay in Karachi Sheraton hotel then if you are on management post then room meal is totally free and if you are working in 3rd level then room is free and you just have to pay for meals. After the retirement of the employee Sheraton hotel also give a hazard to employees son or daughter to work in Sheraton.DiscussionCompanies are successful because of their employees. For example. Sheraton is a big chain of Hotels and resorts it is giving lots of financial rewards for motivation and appreciate their employees by giving bonus, appreciation letter, birthday cake,2 or 3 night stay in any Sheraton hotel, Hajj allowance etc. As we know that Pakistan is facing few problems like Terrorist Attacks, Political stabilities etc but in this atmosphere Sheraton Karachi Hotel is going well and also getting more then 800 crores. Employees of this hotel are working so hard and what they are doing hotel is motivating them by giving financial rewards and benefits. If you see the Intel Company it is also giving lots of benefits to their employees. As employees can give their best so its necessary to give financial rewards and benefits after doing hard work which they deserve.ConclusionThe company after investing millions of dollars, all they train is return over investment which is a lot more depended on productivity of employees, the best human resource will only move to the employer who forever keeps them happy, so that they can perform their best on job. After analyzing the success of companies like Microsoft, Sheraton, Google etc. and understanding the benefits provided to employees within organization, without any doubts it can be verbalize that certainly, happy employees are the one whos taking them to heights.