Universal Health Care System Of Universal Healthcare

Individuals who reside in countries practicing a system of universal health care have access to the health services they require, which, consequently, leads to overall healthier populations. Such health services include, amongst other things, prevention promotion, treatment, rehabilitation and palliative care.(who.org) These services are provided without the risk of monetary adversity or destitution for those who use them. Ease of access to health facilities and care in turn leads to healthier people. Universal health care systems bring the entire populace into contact with good quality services and health professionals, in addition to medicines and technologies that aid in the diagnosis and treatment of medical problems. In order to meet the urgent well-being needs of the population, such systems employ a people-centered combined care approach to treatment that incorporates: †¢ Information programs which support healthy lifestyles and avoidance of sickness †¢ early detection of chronic conditions †¢ capability to treat diseases †¢ assistance for patients in convalescence and †¢ provision, where needed, of sympathetic palliative care (who.org) The ambition of universal health is always to deliver a growing number of health services over time and to guarantee that populations have opportunities to participate in strategic preventive health programs. In this way, the goal of countries that provide universal health care is to continually work and strive to maintain healthierShow MoreRelatedUniversal Healthcare And The United States1184 Words   |  5 PagesFarrell Persuasive Essay February 8, 2015 Universal Healthcare in the United States Disputing that the current Healthcare System (Obamacare) in the United States needs reform is not difficult. Although the current system is a step up from the previous system, lobbying and reform to get a Universal Healthcare bill passed resulted in the original legislation being rewritten to an almost unrecognizable level. However, true Universal Healthcare creates a system that is more affordable by eliminating fluctuatingRead MoreUniversal Healthcare in the United States1300 Words   |  6 PagesUniversal Healthcare in the United States Larrissa McBride HCS 235 Monday January 23, 2012 Margaret Meador Universal Healthcare in the United States Healthcare is on the minds of every American in today’s society. Everyone worries about what they will do to afford healthcare and even if they will receive healthcare. America has some of the greatest technological advances and in trained professionals. However, American only ranks 20th in life expectancy and we rank almost the lowest in healthcareRead MoreUniversal Healthcare Is A Human Right That Everyone Should1750 Words   |  7 PagesUniversal healthcare is a human right that everyone should be entitled to; it should be a right and never a privilege. Universal healthcare is the right to refer to a health care system that focuses on providing health care and financial protection to all it citizens of that particular country. Many citizens in the United States do not have health care because of how expensive it can be, and its price is advertised as though it is a luxury when in actuality that is not the case. Therefore UniversalRead MoreHealth Care Of The United State s Essay1706 Words   |  7 Pages Health Care in the United States Matthew Glennon Ivy Tech Community College Abstract The aim of this paper was to gather and find information over universal health care. Research will demonstrate the varying ideas on universal health care. The goal of the paper for the reader is to inform them well enough on the topic to be able to pick a side and make a solid argument. The reader will be informed on different ideas that surround universal health care. The combinedRead MoreHealthcare reform Essay1289 Words   |  6 Pages The United States should have Universal Health Care Comp II The United States should have Universal Health Care Virtually 50 million Americans are presently without any health insurance, and a great number of them with health insurance are struggling to pay for their medical bills. Everybody concurs that healthcare must be accessible to all citizens, but the debate on whether the United States should adopt a universal health system still rages. According to the InstituteRead MoreUniversal Healthcare in America710 Words   |  3 PagesUnited States having universal healthcare Michelle Garbarino Eng 122 James Meetze February. 25, 2013 Should the United States have Universal Healthcare? The question of Universal Healthcare in the United States has valid and non valid arguments with supporters on both sides of the issue. Millions of Americans do not have affordable health care insurance. The main question is who is responsible to provide this? Is it feasible for government to pay for the lack of health care by taxpayer’s dollarsRead MoreThe Ranked Healthcare System Globally1365 Words   |  6 Pagesstruggling healthcare system. Most would think that something so significant to a country’s ability to work properly would be worked out by now especially in the U.S.. Ranked as the 11th healthcare system globally, it seems logical that America should be trying something new, like the idea of universal healthcare, to put us on top. So what is universal healthcare and how could it magically bring the U.S. to the top of the pyramid? In a nutshell, universal healthcare can be described as a health care systemRead MoreErerere736 Words   |  3 PagesWait Times When health care is extended to everyone, it can be used too often. And with free access, a patient may go to the emergency room with the sniffles, causing longer wait times for those who have real emergencies. Access to family doctors and specialists may also be limited due to too many patients and not enough doctors. Read more: http://www.livestrong.com/article/30692-pros-cons-universal-health/#ixzz1KlELOteI The costs that are required for universal health care are an enormousRead MoreUniversal Health Care1668 Words   |  7 PagesBenefit of universal healthcare to the society. It will be difficult to imagine life without health care. Health care today has become a serious issues, and concern because the vast medical costs. The private insurances company denying treatment bills and these have become the concern of the government of United State. The Government has been trying to reform the health care by introducing a universal health care system. A system whereby a basic health needs, can be given to people without denyingRead MoreThe New Healthcare Reform Essay919 Words   |  4 PagesThe United States healthcare system has failed Americans because the government has treated it as though only the wealthy should be taken care of. Universal Healthcare has benefited industrialized countries like Sweden, France, and Canada because they recognize the fact that healthcare should be a human right, and not a privilege. The debate continues over whether the reform will benefit the people and not put the government into greater debt while politicians are rais ing the constitutional flag

City of God Analysis - 1874 Words

* Cidade De Deus, more commonly known as the City of God, was directed by Fernando Meirelles. This is a Brazilian film that represents and portrays the violence and horrors of living within the Brazilian Slums, known as favelas. * With over 500 slums, the favelas existed within the regions of Rio de Janeiro, containing more than a third of the city’s population. The word favela refers to a community of people who neither own nor have formal permission to occupy land. Rio De Janerio’s favelas were constructed in a period of rapid industrialization, and these favelas were entirely created to keep the poor isolated from the city’s center where the more upper class people were based. * Based in Rio De Janerio, this film is†¦show more content†¦* This is where my scene that I will be analysing is based upon, in the 1980s. * The Socio-cultural Context of this film can be related to the drug problem in Brazil... as well as the early exposure to children in regards to violence, which in fact are still major concerns to this very day. As Brazil only established a form of democracy in the 1980s, after being under authoritarian control for over half a century it l eft the country in an extremely divided society. Chaos was bound to occur and thus the drug problem spread vastly throughout Brazil. In this world of violence, children are exposed to experienced teenage gangsters who provide the criminal influence and training to them. The exposed children then start with gaining money from various stealing, looting, robberies and thus progresses to more severe criminal acts. * Murders also occur and gang warfare, which reflects to the reality of life within the Brazilian slums. * The particular part of the film that I chose to analyse was, in my opinion, the most interesting and significant scene within the film. * What made me gainShow MoreRelatedCity of God Analysis954 Words   |  4 PagesKellene Berry Sociology 1 Kolstad 05/23/2012 â€Å"City of God† Application and Analysis The movie â€Å"City of God† has many examples of sociological theories of crime and deviance. Some of the major theories I noticed throughout the movie were the functionalist theory, including examples of relative depravation, as well as the interactionist theory, including differential association and labeling. There was also evidence of the conflict theory and the control theory throughout the film. The functionalistRead MoreAnalysis Of The City Of God Essay2278 Words   |  10 Pagesof knowledge, so that they could either be equal or more powerful than their peers. In history St. Augustine of Hippo justified that the fall of Rome was due to the power-hungry individual who eventually ran the city to the ground. He writes his thought in a book called â€Å"The City of God,† which brings up the argument that having the majority of power being in the hands of corrupt leaders and the abandonment of Christian faith is what lead to the decline of the Empire. These texts will justify toRead MoreCity Of God : Movie Analysis860 Words   |  4 PagesCity of God The movie of City of God took place in an urban environment in Brazil. The movie showed clear and honest images of varies issues that is happening in urban environment. As well as the social networking and the importance of education. The movie start with a poor area in the urban society. While the movie showing bunch of kid playing on the community playground, the camera showed the surroundings of the community. People are living compactly with a small area. The houses are constructedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Film City Of God 1428 Words   |  6 PagesThe film, â€Å"City of God† portrays numerous of brutal acts of violence and crime. This film depicts the deviant acts of a sociopathic gang leader, Li’l Ze and his fellow members. He recruits numerous of young kids and teaches them how to become a hood. He kills those who try to stop him from getting what he wants, which is being the one and only drug dealer. He leaves the town of Rio in distraught and in fear of their own life. Even when someone tries to get out of the slum and wants to begin a brandRead MoreAnalysis Of The Republic And Augustine On City Of God1714 Words   |  7 Pagespersuasive author when considering the knowledge of the divi ne alongside Plato in â€Å"The Republic† and Augustine in â€Å"City of God†. Ghazali considers both belief and knowledge as necessary for knowledge of the divine while Plato focuses solely on knowledge. On the other side, while Augustine does support the idea of a rational soul, he refutes his own claim when considering the miracles of God. In this essay I will argue that incorporating both knowledge and belief, Ghazali provides an approach in whichRead MoreEssay about City of God Analysis2153 Words   |  9 PagesCity of God is a depicts the reality of the narrator’s life growing up in the slums on the outskirts of Rio. What was meant to be a small film project became a success in many ways. Although it quickly became an international sensation winning numerous awards the filmmakers were also successful with their use of various components of cinematography. One critic said that â€Å"City of God is a wildly entertaining film. The sheer energy of the mov ie is never less than compelling. Meirelles pulls outRead MoreAnalysis Of Saint Augustine s The City Of God 1045 Words   |  5 PagesIn Confessions Book Eight (8) and The City of God Book Five (5), Saint Augustine addresses the criticism surrounding the compatibility of God’s foreknowledge and human free will. Augustine insists on two (2) truths: God is the cause of everything and man has the freedom of choice. Early in Augustine’s career, there is an emphasis on the will. As Augustine’s understanding of human agency begins to develop, his idea of human free will matures. Initially, Augustine describes himself as having twoRead MoreThe City Of God By John Milbank869 Words   |  4 PagesAfter Augustine completed his literary piece known as the City of God, serious debate ensued regarding the correct interpretation of the concepts addressed in his writing. Augustine highlighted two realms, that of the earthly state known as the secular realm and the heave nly state known as the City of God. For instance, Etienne Gilson believed that Augustine was expressing the greatness of the earthly state while simultaneously explaining that the state bettered Christianity. Other philosophers suchRead MoreAnalysis and Discussion of Surah 801623 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis and Discussion of Surah 80 Surah 80 of the Quran, which is also known as â€Å"`Abasa† or â€Å"He Frowned†, was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad at an important time in Islam’s expansion. The surah makes use of many literary techniques to indicate the historical context to the reader, as well as strengthen the surah’s themes. Surah 80 has also a topic of interest for Islamic scholars, such as Abu’l ‘Ala Mawdudi and Muhammad Asad. Their interpretations and Analysis Historical Context Surah 80Read MoreAbelard and Aquinas Essay713 Words   |  3 Pages Peter Abelard was a renowned dialectician from 1079 to 1142. He subjected theological doctrines to logical analysis. In other words, he used rational argument to discover truth. Saint Thomas Aquinas, was a believer in the power of reason, giving St. Augustines theory an alternate approach. He taught in Paris and Italy during the years 1225 to 1274. Both of these new age thinkers changed the way Catholic followers viewed the natural world. Peter Abelard was one of the new thinkers

Quantitative and Qaulity Research Free Essays

string(77) " understand a given phenomena when used together in a complementary fashion\." Quantitative Qualitative Research COMPARISON OF QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS Introduction This paper compares and contrasts qualitative and quantitative research methods in three basic areas. These are the of their: epistemological foundations, data collection methods, and data analysis methods. The paper ends with a brief summary of the primary points made. We will write a custom essay sample on Quantitative and Qaulity Research or any similar topic only for you Order Now Comparison Gall, Borg and Gall (1996) discuss several similarities and differences between qualitative and quantitative research methods. With respect to similarities, both kinds of research formulate epistemological positions regarding the nature of causation and reality and both comprise a set of methods for designing research, collecting data, analyzing data, and deriving information from data collection and analysis. However, they differ in terms of the epistemological positions they advocate and in the methods they hold to be appropriate for meaningful scientific inquiry. One primary difference between the two research methods according to Gall, Borg and Gall (1996) involves their epistemological assumptions about the nature that causality. The quantitative method, according to the authors, rests on a view of causation as an external, measurable force that occurs independently of the observer and can be used to explain diverse phenomena. On the other hand, the conceptual foundation of qualitative research holds that causation itself is predominately a human interpretive process. The foregoing assumptions have implications for how scientists should study reality. Quantitative research roots its methods of acquiring information in a view that holds that reality is external to the observer whereas the qualitative method grounds its methodological principles and practices in the notion of reality as an interpretative construct. This point has been discussed by Wainwright (1997) who states that typically qualitative research seeks to discover information about any given phenomenon by obtaining an in-depth understanding of the meanings and definitions of the phenomenon that are conceptualized by informants; moreover, these need not be many informants; a simple case study of one individual is said to yield much given the subjective element of reality. Quantitative research, based on its assumptions of causation and reality, attempts to arrive at an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon by measuring â€Å"it† in some fairly objective manner with results that can be established as valid by a set of formal scientific/methodological principles of inquiry and set criteria for reliability and validity. It seeks for results that are stable across time. Thus, while qualitative research aims at discovering how a very small collective interpret a phenomenon, quantitative research looks at some objective index of the phenomenon attempting to produce information that is stable and valid for large populations and samples. Gall, Borg and Gall (1996) note that for some domains such as education, the existing knowledge base consists of information obtained by both quantitative and qualitative research. The authors point out that many research experts believe it is quite acceptable to use both kinds of research to collect information about a given phenomenon despite their differing assumptions—-provided that the two methods are assigned differing roles in terms of the contribution they make to understanding the phenomenon being studied. With respect to the foregoing, qualitative methods are assigned the role of intensively observing some small sample and conceptualizing possible themes, patterns, processes, and/or structures as being involved in the phenomenon of interest. Quantitative methods are then called upon to determine whether the conceptualized constructs are supportable or confirmed. For example, a quantitative study might be conducted of three special education students’ responses to inclusion with possible patterns of response being conceptualized based on this small sample. Quantitative methods would then be used to determine whether this pattern of response is present in a much larger collective of special education students. Thus, qualitative and quantitative research can be seen as working together in complementary fashion. Gall, Borg and Gall (1996) report that the extent to which the two types of research can work to complement each other, in actual practice, is dependent on two contingencies. First, the phenomena being studied must be stable across time. Second, qualitative researchers must provide constructs that can be operationalized which is to say that can be measured in some objective way using a numerical system of some sort. If these conditions are satisfied, quantitative measures can then be used to support whether what is present at the individual or case level is also present for larger populations and samples. Gall, Borg and Gall (1996) further report that some researchers do not believe the two research approaches can actually work together in a complementary fashion; this because of their differing epistemological views of causation and reality — views which make for not only conceptual but also profound methodological differences. For example, quantitative research stipulates that a researcher must state what can be expected to be revealed by his data analysis based on existing research (hypothesis formulation and testing). Qualitative researchers, however, believe that theories and concepts are only meaningfully derived AFTER the data has been collected. Similarly, the two research types differ in the methods they use to derive meaningful information from the data. Quantitative methods hold that the data should be analyzed statistically while quantitative research holds that it should be analyzed using formal methods of reasoning and interpretation. Gall, Borg and Gall (1996) have also listed some of the differences between qualitative and quantitative research methods in terms of the reports each side outputs following their investigations. In this regard, the authors state that the reports of quantitative research tend to be impersonal and objective write-ups of research findings. Qualitative research reports, on the other hand, are said to reflect the researcher’s analytical reconstruction and interpretation of data provided to readers with an awareness that the readers themselves will, in fact, reinterpret what is reported. However, since it is likely that the epistemological structures of both research methods have some truth and some error in their epistemological frameworks, Gall, Borg and Gall (1996) state that it is quite possible that both methods can contribute valid data and so edify scientists’ attempts to understand a given phenomena when used together in a complementary fashion. You read "Quantitative and Qaulity Research" in category "Essay examples" Given the foregoing, it seems reasonable to suggest that the determination as to whether a given researcher should use qualitative or quantitative methods, or use both conjointly, may depend upon the nature of information he desires and the use to which it shall be put. For example, Crowl (1996) states that if a researcher desires to focus on some complex issue and to use it in a pragmatic way, then it is wise to conduct research using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Both methods are said to provide a broader examination of the phenomenon and thus yield a fuller understanding of its complex structure. This broader look, in turn, is said to foster greater insight into the ways the information can be practically applied. Mertes (1998) states that there are certain kinds of information needs that are better suited to being answered using qualitative methods than quantitative methods. These are said to include: (1) the need to understand in detail why an individual does something; (2) the need to determine what aspects, components, or elements of a given issue or phenomenon are important and why they are important; (3) the need to identify a full range of responses or opinions existing in a given collective; and (4) the need to find areas of consensus in patterns of response. On the other hand, Mertes (1998) states that quantitative research is probably the best choice if there is a need to determine â€Å"how many† or to measure some volume-related characteristic of a collective. In other words, quantitative research should be used when there is an interest in how many people in a population have a particular characteristic or response. Further, Mertes (1998) reports that quantitative research is appropriate for measuring attitudes and behaviors, for profiling certain groups, and for formulating predictions. One particularly interesting point about qualitative and quantitative research methods is to note that the distinguishing characteristics are actual differences only to a certain extent. For example, McKereghan (1998) notes that qualitative and quantitative research can be distinguished in several ways and goes on to list some of these differences. Specifically, it is noted that quantitative research is objective; qualitative research is subjective. Quantitative research seeks explanatory laws; qualitative research aims at in-depth description. Quantitative research measures what it assumes to be a static reality in hopes of developing universal laws. Qualitative research is an exploration of what is assumed to be a dynamic reality. It does not claim that what is discovered in the process is universal and, thus, replicable. However, what McKereghan (1998) points out is that when actual research studies are examined in methodological detail, they seldom fit the sharp clear models of differences that are provided in written discussions of the two research approaches. Rather, in most any given study, elements of quantitative and qualitative procedures can be found. Because of this, McKereghan argues that discussing research using this dichotomy may not be especially applicable to what actually goes on in the world of research. Thus, while the two methods can be distinguished, it is probably important to note that this clarity of distinction is present far more in theory than in practice. Finally, it can be noted that quantitative methods help to make generalizations to larger groups and follow a well-established and respected set of statistical procedures, of which the properties are well-understood. However, in terms of practice, there is again an important issue related to whether practice actually meets the standards set for this research approach. As noted by Gall, Borg and Gall (1996), many studies are designed poorly, i. e. , many studies cannot find a significant difference when one exists, due to insufficient sample sizes or to extremely small effect sizes. Further, quantitative methods are often misinterpreted. Summary In this paper’s comparison of qualitative and quantitative research methods, several points were made. It was noted that the two research approaches differ in terms of their epistemological positions on causation and reality and this in turn makes for a number of methodological differences in the approaches. For example, it was noted that qualitative research typically entails in-depth analysis of relatively few subjects for which a rich set of data is collected and organized. Quantitative research, on the other hand, was said to entail the proper application of statistics to typically a large number of subjects. Further, the points were made that while quantitative research is objective; qualitative research is subjective. Also, it was noted that quantitative research seeks explanatory laws; qualitative research aims at in-depth description. In addition, quantitative research was said to measures what it assumes to be a static reality in hopes of developing universal laws while qualitative research is an exploration of what is assumed to be a dynamic, shifting, interpretative reality. It was noted that due to the differing nature of the two research approaches, it is likely that the selection of which to use will depend upon the nature of the information sought by the researcher and the use to which this information will be put. Examples were offered showing the kind of research to which each method or a combination of methods are particularly suited. Finally, the point was made that while there appear to be large differences between the approach from a philosophical/conceptual position, in actual research, methods from both approaches are often used. Further, the standards set for conducting each particular type of research, especially quantitative research, are often not met. References Crowl, T. K. (1996). Fundamentals of educational research (2nd ed. ) Madison, WI: Brown and Benchmark. Gall, M. D. , Borg, W. R. Gall, J. P. (1996). Educational research: An introduction (6th ed. White Plains, NY: Longman. McKereghan, D. L. (1998). Quantitative versus qualitative research: An attempt to clarify the problem. Document available at:http://socrates. fortunecity. com/qvq. html. Mertes, D. M. (1998). Research methods in education and psychology: Integrating diversity with quantitative and qualitative approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Wainwright, D. (1997). Can sociological research be qualitative, critical and valid? The Qualitativ e Report, 3(2). Document available: http://nova. edu/ssss/QR/QR3-2/wain. html. How to cite Quantitative and Qaulity Research, Essays

Develop an Android App Blood Group Managment System

Question: Discuss about the Develop an Android App for Blood Group Managment System. Answer: Introduction to the project Blood group refers to the tiny particles or components within the blood of any human being that help determine the suitability or compatibility of ones blood with another. As such it is usually the case when carrying out blood transfusion. These components must, therefore, be studied and grouped appropriately to avoid any mix up whenever emergencies arise [6] Most hospitals within the United Kingdom have given numerous reports indicating the difficulty they go through when handling emergency cases that require a blood transfusion. So many lives have been lost because of this too [9]. A proper blood group system made available not just to health facilities but also the general public could prove to be a very useful tool in reducing and possibly eliminating such deaths [8]. Objectives of the project To come up with a creatively designed system to help manage all the blood group types and also be able to store additional information about an individuals health status even in their phones. Additionally, it aims at enhancing the dispensation of blood transfusion services to the general public in case of any emergencies [11]. Problem statement This project was enthused by a careful and comprehensive study of the existing healthcare management systems used by all healthcare facilities within the United Kingdom [10]. It became very apparent that there was not a single system employed in the management of patients blood group. A study conducted earlier on also revealed that the public has limited knowledge about their blood group types, therefore making this available on their mobile phones would be of great help to them. Literature review Blood is conventionally termed as the universal most precious element in saving lives as it saves countless lives across the globe with various conditions. A blood bank refers to a place or a storage facility designed to warehouse blood products and blood. Typically, the word blood bank refers to a section of a health care facility laboratory where blood is stored and tested to lessen risks of transfusion-related happenings. Blood bank information systems provide essential functionalities so that individuals can gain quick access to donor records from different countries across the globe. A group blood management is one that is designed to help in the proper storage, processing, retrieval and analysis of all information related to a blood storage facility. The system described here is always meant for hospitals and usually not available to the general public to facilitate their management and ease in responding to emergencies [11]. According to the World Health Organization, most blood banks have an inventory management system that is usually restricted to the personnel working within those institutions. Therefore, it creates a huge gap between those who are made in charge of such agencies and those who are meant to use their services. Patients that require quick and emergency blood transfusion usually have difficulty when it comes to getting the right blood type to facilitate this process thus leading to massive loss of lives. Recently, research suggests that there are some existing systems such as the Blood Connect. Blood Connect and E-Blood Bank. Blood Connect was unveiled as a project under NSS IIT Delhi in India on 1st April 2010 with an apparent objective to solve the problem shortage of blood in India. According to WHO, India faces of three million blood units. It was suggested that such a scenario would be eliminated if two percent of Indias youth donates blood. Therefore, Blood Connect was launched to act as a channel in connecting voluntary donors with needy recipients. Currently, Blood Connect has developed a 360-degree solution to the problem of blood shortage. On the other hand, E-Blood Bank was launched in India primarily to connect blood donors and blood recipients. The application works in such a way that a recipient can locate a matching donor. The application was designed in such a way that push notifications enables informs recipients in need of the location of hospitals in the local area that has a matching blood donor in their blood banks[11]. Making this system simpler and available on any Android-based device will be a bold move towards the dissemination of these services to a phone user in the United Kingdom and the world as a whole. This system once downloaded and installed by a mobile phone user, will be able to store information about their blood group, the availability of such a blood group and also go ahead to calculate the possible blood groups for their relations with children, parents, and other close relatives. This results in the generation of a tree diagram with clear indication and illustration of the most important health information about these people [12]. This android based system is supposed to carry the following functions: Facilitate the online movement of blood from one bank to another. Check and confirm the availability of a particular type of blood group in any medical treatment center in the United Kingdom and the world as a whole. Relay information about a patients blood group and where they can find the most suitable blood type in case of any emergency Proper record keeping of all medical information related to all possible donors thus making it easy to fast track. Gaps in literature In as much as several studies have been conducted in this area, most of these studies relate to causes of the poor blood bank management system (WHO and UNESCO, 2008) where tripling human population strain the few blood storage facilities. Few of these studies major on the lack of scientific information to back the theoretical findings and lack of community awareness particularly in all level of the society on the need to have information related to their blood group at their fingertips [11]. This research proposal, therefore, highlights the need for sampling of all the available blood group management techniques and systems and coming up with a more refined and inclusive system that is not only used by healthcare centers but also by individuals all over the world [14]. Project tools and resources The completion of this project will require the following tools that will aid in the carrying out of research and information analysis. Data collection tools such as pens, books, well-equipped library System development instruments such as coding and programming technology Web hosting services. Software development and analysis technique. Methodology This project uses the waterfall model of presentation as it requires a full completion of a particular phase or stage before moving to the next level of the project. This model is also the most suitable for this project since this project is very direct and has no uncertainties at all. The initial stage of the project involves the gathering of all the requirements and tools needed for all the activities. The second stage includes the design of the whole system that should be used in managing the blood group and how they should be segmented. This stage also involves looking at the hosting and other web services related to this server [16]. An implementation and testing phase then sets in. Here, the blood group management system is put into practice and tested for any loopholes or necessary improvements as required. Once all the necessary requirements and changes have been made to the system, the whole server can now be moved and deployed to all the centers that require that use it and also to be added to all the android servers so that all users can reach and download them [15] Because of certain unforeseen circumstances, this system may require maintenance from time to time. Such improvements may include updates of the software and enhancing user experience. The waterfall method is preferred because it is easy and simple to use; ease in managing the system related to the model and also suitable when it comes to handling small projects like this. Also, a number of challenges such as making it difficult to make changes to the system once the testing stage is attained. Bibliography [1]"Blood Bank Management System", Bbmspunjab.gov.in, 2016. [Online]. Available: https://bbmspunjab.gov.in/. [Accessed: 23- Aug- 2016]. [2]J. Howse and A. Jha, Android application programming with OpenCV. Birmingham, England: Packt Publishing, 2013. [3]J. Sheusi, Android application development for Java programmers. Boston, MA: Course Technology PTR, 2013. [4]D. Torres Milano, Android application testing guide. Birmingham, U.K.: Packt Pub., 2011. [5]J. Ellis, American Creation. New York: A. A. Knopf, 2007. [6]R. Bremner, Chairman of the Fed. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004. [7]K. LAN and Y. ZHANG, "Application of Android in remote medical information system", Journal of Computer Applications, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 1790-1792, 2013. [8]K. Koek, "Application of Android OS as real-time control platform", automat, vol. 17, no. 2, p. 197, 2013. [9]P. Papapetrou and J. Lalou, Android application development with Maven. [10]R. Rogers, Android application development. Sebastopol, Calif.: O'Reilly, 2009. [11]W. Lee and K. Mittal, Beginning Android application development. Indianapolis, Ind.: Wiley Pub., 2011. [12]M. Burton and D. Felker, Android application development for dummies. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2012. [14]G. Ponnappa, "Project Stakeholder Management", Project Management Journal, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. e3-e3, 2014. [13]D. Torres Milano, Android application testing guide. Birmingham, U.K.: Packt Pub., 2011. [16]S. Conder and L. Darcey, Android wireless application development. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Addison-Wesley, 2010. [18]L. O'Meara and J. Hamilton III, Yii Rapid Application Development Hotshot. Birmingham: Packt Pub., 2012.

Foreign Language Education Essay Research Paper In free essay sample

Foreign Language Education Essay, Research Paper In 7th class every awkward prepubescent in my Homeroom category made agendas for our last twelvemonth in in-between school. The hebdomad earlier, we were herded into the media centre to listen to representatives from local colleges to discourse get downing college readyings early. The counsellors truly knew nil, which wasn? t a daze, but they provided us with a list of demands necessary for both graduation and college entryway. Among the list of 4 old ages of English and 3 of scientific discipline there were 2 old ages of Foreign Language that had to be taken. I didn? T know what I was acquiring myself into when I started by subscribing up for Spanish 1. I took it upon myself to be a critic on the unity of the Foreign Language demand. Overall, is foreign linguistic communication instruction necessary? As a pupil in foreign linguistic communication categories in high school, I had many experiences, ideas, and thoughts sing my foreign linguistic communication instruction which were both positive and negative. We will write a custom essay sample on Foreign Language Education Essay Research Paper In or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Analyzing my 5 old ages of taking Spanish, I know I? ve wondered infinite times if what I was larning had any cogency, and even if it was valid, is larning it worth it? Was at that place traveling to be a point in my life when I needed to cognize the definition of altramuces? Am I traveling to of all time be in a tally down mercado in Mexico looking for acrimonious headers? I don? t think so, it led me to farther idea. Foreign linguistic communication instruction has been a really rewarding thing to hold taken in high school. Language is a really complex thing. It takes thought, organisation, and verbal logical thinking to be able to talk Spanish. It is really complicated to fumble words, both Spanish and English, to set them in the right order, tense, and understanding. No imbecile can make it. Knowing this, the minute when I communicated with another individual in a different linguistic communication was self-gratifying. I felt a sense of ego achievement. The first clip I addressed the issue, I was instantly for foreign linguistic communication instruction. Learning Spanish was a great experience that had broadened my skylines in many ways. This peculiar instruction had enabled me learn a linguistic communication and civilization. At Northeast recently we have been peculiarly sensitive to multiculturalism and integrity among races, genders, credo and so on. My second/third twelvemonth of Spanish focused chiefly on larning about the land and civilization of the people whose linguistic communication we were seeking to larn. Isn? T it genius to integrate multiculturalism like that! Our Spanish instructors had echt enthusiasm in instruction, because of that I am more unfastened other civilizations. I understand who they are, where they come from, and what they represent. Educationally spe aking, I have learned mucho about linguistic communications, non entirely Spanish. I know punctilious nitty-gritty information about the English linguistic communication analyzing Spanish. I had to analyse sentence construction, verb junction, and the cockamamie regulations that make up the English linguistic communication. I know what a gerund is, what more can you desire from our educational system? Another benefit of foreign linguistic communication instruction is larning more about one? s ain linguistic communication, it seems to me that the common sceptic would besides state that it would be more good to the taxpayer to hold a category entirely based on the nitty-gritty on the English linguistic communication. I could hold in some facets, possibly it would do the old run-on sentence non run so much. I personally feel that the my biggest satisfaction in larning Spanish has been the ability to pass on. When I talk to native talkers I frequently get asked why I? m so happy. The reply is that I love talking Spanish! ! ! The emotions behind seting something together that I? ve been fostering for 5 old ages must be like the emotion an creative person feels while unveiling his piece that he has been on for old ages. I? m merely am demoing what I? ve done, what I? ve learned. Although I can talk Spanish it doesn? t mean others can, this is the difficult portion. I know that I? ve had many things that have facilitated my capacity to larn another linguistic communication, chiefly my desire and motive. It wouldn? t be normal if all the universe was to be as aroused about Spanish as I am. I steadfastly believe that what we love to make, is what we learn the most from. I learned a batch about Spanish and how to talk it because I love it. I am one of the few that really have the ability to tr ansport on a half manner nice conversation. Many of the pupils that learn Spanish Don? T learn anything, for case my sister who wouldn? T be able to discourse. I know that holding a best friend who is fluent in Spanish has besides been an plus. He has helped me on many assignments. We have created a motive for me to larn more Spanish, merely so that we can speak about people without holding to whisper. The ability to talk another linguistic communication is variable, it depends on what you put into it. It produced for me, because I invested in it. I feel that foreign linguistic communication is a demand. It is necessary to understand, or at least effort to understand something that is foreign. It provides many benefits which can be utilized in many facets of anyone? s mundane life. In decision, through my incredulity, foreign linguistic communication instruction is indispensable, non merely a demand. It will ease fostering my calling, broaden my cultural skylines, and give me a better apprehension of myself. These things can be used por todo el mundo.

Truman Quoted essays

Truman Quoted essays If you cant stand the heat, get out of the kitchen, is one of Harry S. Trumans most famous quote. Historians have long debated whether or not this quote applied to Truman himself during his lifetime between 1884 and 1972. The quote means that if a person cannot tolerate the pressures of a particular situation, then this person should remove himself from that situation. Using political, diplomatic, and cultural examples from Trumans own life, this quote can be confirmed. In 1945, Truman became the 33rd president of the United States while World War II was taking place. Being the president of the United States is very difficult especially in times of war. Truman, like other presidents, was immensely pressured by the country to perform contradicting actions. He had to decided difficult questions such as whether or not to support South Korea. Some of his cabinet members also pressured him to use the atomic bomb in Japan to end the war while others argued against killing hundreds of thousands of civilians. Truman was politically prepared for the job. By serving two terms as the president he proved that he could stay in the kitchen. The Republicans also pressured Truman, as it is common for one political party to antagonize the other party in a political battle. The Republicans spread lies and rumors and made damaging propaganda to ruin Trumans reputation. Truman withstood this abyss of political pressures throughout his career and proved that he could s tand the heat. In 1950, communist forces from North Korea invaded South Korea while Truman was the president. South Korea had been an ally of the United States since the World War II. The United States had army bases located in that country. The country was torn between the decisions of whether or not to support their ally country Korea. There was a chance that if the United States defended Korea, the Soviet Union would support North Korea...

Individual work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Individual work - Essay Example Service delivery industries’ success is dependent on customer satisfaction. Lack of respect and ethical impairment is also visible among the company staff. For instance, the hotel’s manager insults the disabled guest of being unable to get to the dance floor instead strategizing on the required changes for improving on service delivery. One of the possible means of addressing these issues is the assessment of the service quality for improving service delivery, identifying customer problems and ensuring satisfaction. The manager should also identify and target the service needs of clients in order to satisfy them. The staff members should always be able to handle all guests regardless of their age and gender. The client should establish a service culture through staff training. The management should not be focused on the number of guests they receive, but the quality of service they offer. The guest’s expectations can only be achieved if the challenges facing the employees are addressed adequately. Listening to the employees enables the management to identify and curb the challenges facing them. The new employees should be tested to prove their ethical qualifications. This ensures that the services being offered to customers are of high quality. Guests should not be discriminated under any consideration regar dless of their physical strengths or weaknesses. The client should include regulations capable of accommodating the emerging services. The client should also ensure that all the services offered conform to current changes in technology. For instance, the disabled guest could have accessed the dance floor if the necessary technology was available. Lack of prior booking by the guest is an indication of existence of poor marketing and inefficient awareness. This implies that the client should invest in promoting marketing and customer awareness. The main

Essay on International business finance report

On International business finance report - Essay Example REPORT TO IBF Respected Directors, IBF London (U.K) Introduction IBF Supplies Plc is a London based large manufacturer and distributor of office supplies. A recent forecast shows decline has been shown in the demand for office supplies in the UK. At the same time it is anticipates a strong demand for office supplies in Eastern Europe, Asia and Africa over the next several years. Hence, executives of IBF have started exploring the overseas markets and are planning to establish foreign subsidiaries in new markets. Before entering the market certain aspects are to be considered. These aspects include: Financial and non-financial factors The potential risks and possible external strategies to manage such risks. Other strategies available other than establishing a foreign subsidiary Financial and non-financial factors First of all it is to be made sure that whether the selected countries are going to produce the desired results or not. It is a good thing that IBF has anticipated a strong demand in Eastern Europe, Asia and Africa for the type of goods it manufactures but again a detailed research needs to be done before taking any final decision. Developing a foreign subsidiary means establishing company’s branch outside the country to run as a separate entity than IBF the parent company itself.  There are a lot of things that need to be considered like the political stability of these selected countries, their legal systems, the fiscal policies, the monetary policies, availability of labor that is skilled, logistics infrastructure etc (Terpstra and Sarathy 2001). It is a good thing that IBF has a proactive approach but still there are a lot of things that are of utmost importance before any final decision can be taken. The financial situation of the company happens to be one very important factor to be considered before IBF can take any decision. The tax bracket is to be kept in mind before actually deciding to expand the business to a new area. The net wor th and the objectives of the company happen to be of critical importance. The level of risk that the company can afford to take is also a point of significant importance. While considering the financial factors, IBF needs to take a decision regarding choosing one of the two financing techniques or may be both the techniques. These two financing techniques are debt and equity financing. If IBF chooses debt financing to raise funds it means that the company will borrow money from another source like bank. IBF will have to return the loan with interest and it can be short term or long term. The other way is that of equity financing. In this way IBF can raise finance by selling off its business part to some other party like the investors or the venture capitalists. The company need to decide whether it is going to be generating funds locally or by the parent company. A detailed PESTEL Analysis is required that includes things like political factors etc. The forecasting regarding the exc hange rates and the taxation agreement needs to be done before taking any final decision. It is to be kept in mind that these foreign subsidiaries are going to be exposed to volatility of exchange rates. IBF will need to evaluate its risk associated with exchange of foreign currency through monitoring

Research Proposal Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Proposal - Research Paper Example Chalk Lines Exhibits intends to plan and manage this exhibition in a thoroughly professional way. The services of the staff and volunteers will be solicited and optimally administered to achieve the exhibition objectives. Special arrangements will be made for people with disabilities. Efforts will be made to assure maximal attendance and participation of the people of Brisbane. The event will be one of the first, showcasing a range of international, national and local artists in this genre. 1.0 Business Structure The Street smART is intended to be an exhibition exclusively associated with the contemporary graffiti, stencil and poster art. This exhibition will be organized and coordinated by Chalk Line Exhibits, a non profit, and incorporated organization in Brisbane. The sole purpose of Street smART is to facilitate an engaging platform for both the people of Brisbane and the invited international, national and local artists, where they can perform and experience the varied facets of the contemporary graffiti, stencil and poster art. One essential aim of the organization is to educate the local youth about the showcased art form and to encourage them to actively participate in and visit art events, exhibitions and galleries. The administration and staff at Chalk Line Exhibits is dedicated to make this exhibition a big success in the context of the envisaged goals and objectives. 2.0 Macro Environment Varied macro features at Brisbane make it an ideal venue for an exhibition of such nature and content. 2.1 Demography Brisbane is one of the most populated cities of Australia, with a major chunk of the population being urban and young (the targeted segment) (ABS 2011: Online). Brisbane is also a female majority city, which is most suitable for Street smART, as women have been found to have a greater predilection for art exhibitions (ABS 4172.0 2007, p. 13). 2.2 Cultural and Social Environment Brisbane being a cosmopolitan and modern city with its quintessential di versity and openness is inherently more accepting of change and novel trends. Thus, the populace at Brisbane could positively be expected to be more interested in and receptive of relatively new visual art forms like graffiti, stencil and poster. The cultural and social makeup of Brisbane portends an impressive attendance and participation. 2.0 Art Attendee Chalk Line Exhibits well understands that the art scene in Australia is defined by a unique mix of traditional art forms and novel approaches and trends (Australian Government 2011: Online). So the organization is dedicated to invest the financial support extended by varied public and private bodies to support and promote the upcoming art form of graffiti, poster and stencil. Hence, Chalk Line Exhibits intends to be very professional, efficient and accountable in the context of the exhibition under consideration (The Courier-Mail 2007: Online) 2.1 General Population Profile of Brisbane In 2009, the population of Brisbane stood at 2,004,262, out of which 1, 009,923 were females and 9, 94,339 were males (ABS 2010: Online). Thus, Brisbane is a female majority city. This is good for the exhibition as studies have shown that urban women are more likely to attend art exhibitions (ABS 4172.0 2007). Also, people between 15 years to 24 years of age constituted 15.3 percent of the populace (ABS 2010: Online). As this exhibition is particularly targeted at the youth, this translates

Key Communication Issues Of Interracial Relationships Cultural Studies Essay

Key Communication Issues Of Interracial Relationships Cultural Studies Essay What are some key communication issues of interracial friendships? Interracial friendships provide a context of equality in which intergroup differences may be addressed to reduce prejudice and conflict. Measures of the extent of interracial friendships also reflect the state of race relations in a society, capturing the positive feelings between group members rather than the negative sentiment so often emphasized in studies of racial attitudes. When friendships cut across racial lines, they represent a form of bonding capital and a form of bridging capital (Samovar Porter, 1994). There are several communication issues which arise in interracial friendships, and these may cause communication barriers among friends (Samovar Porter, 1994). The first issue is language, and this may prove to be a communication barrier if interracial friends do not adequately understand each others language. This may serve to affect the friendship, as they will not be able to understand each other. Another issue that may arise relates to culture. Differences in perception of culture, especially if friends see issues from different viewpoints, may be a barrier to communication. This issue is more pronounced when there are inherent differences in religious views, by friends from different religions. Finally, differences in ideologies of perception of life between interracial friends may act as a barrier to effective communication. Some people are conservative while others are liberal, and when such friends are having conversation, this might degenerate into conflict due to different views and opinions. This happens if the friends are not accommodating the other person s opinions. 2. What are some key communication issues of interracial romantic relationships? Although interracial and intercultural romantic relationships have been present throughout history, they have rarely been culturally encouraged or even accepted. In fact, these relationships have often been prohibited. Ultimately, however, an increase in racial and/or ethnic diversity within the United States should cause a corresponding increase in interracial and intercultural dating and marriage, eventually promoting greater acceptance of these relationships (Gudykunst Kim, 1992). There are several communication issues which arise in interracial relationships , and these may cause conflicts among couples (Gudykunst Kim, 1992). Similar to interracial friendships , language can prove to be a communication barrier if interracial couples do not adequately understand each others language . They may be unable to communicate effectively , and this may harm their relationship . Similarly , differences in perception of culture may be another communication issue in interracial romantic relationships. Although many communication issues are the same across all romantic relationships, these relationship must also contend with issues of discrimination and identity. In interracial romantic relationships, the partners are aware of social disapproval. In some instances they are alienated from friends and families. They are required to consider social and historical forces concerning race and sexual identity in ways that other couples are not. Their communication behaviors reflect these concerns. Romantic relationships and the communication that occurs within them vary widely. Cultural scripts guide how people conduct conversations in romantic relationships, too. The factors include individual differences like love style and the degree of security or certainty about the relationship, as well as contextual considerations like geographic distance and social sanctions. 3. How can computer mediated communication (CMC) can both facilitate and hinder intercultural relationships? Computer-mediated communication (CMC) refers to human-human interaction via the computer. Some of the popular applications of CMC are email, instant messaging (IM), chat rooms, bulletin boards, and newsgroups. Compared to face-to-face (FtF) communication, CMC liberates communicators from the need to be physically co-present and thus from the consequent influence of nonverbal cues. Although some theorists and researchers argue that CMC-based intercultural relationships cannot be as rich as those formed in FtF encounters, others have identified ways in which CMC can actually increase intimacy among intercultural relationships. Research findings suggest that under Computer-mediated communication (CMC), intercultural contact can lead to reduced prejudice and positive attitude change (Klak Martin, 2003; Rubin Lannutti, 2001). These kinds of discussion facilitate person to fully describe and interpret the intercultural world and experiences in which they live. online discussions can provide a dialogic starting point for connecting with persons lived experiences- their own and others. online discussions facilitate dialogic learning is that they provide a comfortable venue in which people can explore controversial and/or ambivalent feelings about intercultural topics. People may not offer their true voices and experience on these issues in face-to-face discussions due to the fear of creating incommensurable or irreconcilable differences or because of a social desirability issue. However, the filtering out of nonverbal cues, not being able to see the reactions of others, or the identity characteristics (age, gender, race etc) that may hinder communication-makes everyone feel more at ease. 4. Define popular culture. Popular culture could be defined as sets of values, beliefs, trends or modes of symbolic expression readily available to and acknowledged by the masses (McCluskey, 2006). Popular culture is opposite from high culture which is widely accepted by high class and usually considered of great value and does not attempt to appeal the crowds attention. on the contrary, popular culture is wildly liked and propagated by the public, with the aim of attracting publics attention and making profits. As Williams (1976) expounded, popular means being seen from the point of view of the people rather than from those seeking favour or power over them. In addition, popular culture is different from folk culture which is more ethnic and traditional while popular culture usually has nothing to do with outmoded and it only deals with what is in fashion. Popular culture was spread by commercial need. The products from popular culture such as films, magazines and fashionable dress are all goods merchants use for profit-making. From this point of view, commercial destination is a distinct from other forms of culture among popular cultures identities. Since popular culture was born, an indispensable friend of it which is so-called mass media has been accompanying with it, including newspapers, television, radio and internet. obviously, people have to use, at least one kind of mass media when they feel like learning news, searching something in the latest fad and keeping in touch with others. It infers that mass media is something like ligament and support of popular culture. Another characteristic of popular culture is that it is often adopted by young people, almost the monopoly of the youth. Consequently expressions of popular culture in everyday life are always exciting and fashionable, such as Hip-hop and Bungee jumping. Also, most enthusiasts of fast food, short text message and rock n music are youth. Young people enjoy themselves in popular culture with no doubts. 5. How can cultural group portrayals in popular culture forms influence intercultural communication? In the international arena, scholars have turned to the notions of cultural imperialism developed in 1920s in the critique of popular culture, especially U.S. domination of the resources and media market in the world and its implications on intercultural communication (Condon Yousef, 1975). These scholars believe that people are informed about other cultures from popular media and cultural products. The media representations of other cultures can be used to remove the misconceptions and stereotypes of other cultures. one of the incredible uses of popopular culture as medium of intercultural communications is hidden behind its own cultural icons. The cultural role-models, could be distinguish to be based on two types real and fictitious (Gudykunst Kim, 1992) Popular culture icons can penetrate in the cultural communication on a multi-ethnic multi-cultural level. The first level is the representation of the real life, success stories, of a few dozens of people who are incredibly blessed and through their work and dedication had managed to achieve an international fame and glory. The vast wealth that they had acquired in the process is there just there to complement their stardom stature. Their real power, at lest in the context of pop-culture, is their ability to communicate and moreover to reach their followers through the world, a loyal army of supporters ready at all times to spend parts of their often moderated income on products or memorabilia with which to add to the financial wealth of their role-models, celebrities of different status ex: actresses musicians etc. The perfect example of the popular icons could be the one of the most controversial celebrities Madonna. She had undergone, different image transformation, form a boy-toy playgirl in the 80s through a flamboyant queer/gay culture supporter to a loving and down to earth mother in a matter of few decades. However, throughout all stages of her constant image change she had mange sharply to influence cultural change trough out the globe and to raise and promote and established new ideas and social values. The role of the popular icons as a role models, should not been underestimated, as that power is by far the most useful tool which the pop culture posses as the means of intercultural communication. 6. How does the media portray racialized others? Through media people are taught and reminded of their social position by all three kinds of representation-race, gender, ethnicity, and sexuality. Gender, race, and sexuality are all part of an interlinked system of representation that helps describe and define who has power in relationship to others. In this interlocking system, some are constructed as having power and dominance, and others are depicted as being powerless and submissive, and sometimes subservient. The subordination of some is requisite for the empowerment of others. In this world of media representations, visible differences are highlighted and some time accentuated so as to clarify who has power and who does not. Whiteness comes to having meaning in relation to the representation of racialized others. As the late Ruth Frankenberg suggested, whiteness is a product of negative difference; people come to understand themselves as white through a process by which they know who they are by what they are not. Another way of saying this in relation to Asia and Asian Americans is that whiteness becomes meaningful when contrasted to Asianess. Whiteness is therefore a default racial identity, an identity that does not come from the inside so much as being define by what is not observed to be constitutive of the other. 7. What are some recommendations to increase diversity in media, particularly according to gender, race, ethnicity, and physical ability? Historically, the media relied on stereotypes to attract the largest possible audience, thus they reinforced rather than challenged the attitudes of society. The left maintains stereotypical depictions and coverage emphasizing minorities are problems that remain. Studies show African Americans and Hispanics are still more likely to believe the media are biased in their coverage of race and ethnicity than whites, supporting the notion the media are skewed right (Gonzalez et al., 2004). Native Americans are often portrayed as stoic warriors. News and entertainment coverage of Native Americans reinforces the notion that their cultures are almost dead, as current issues are rarely addressed and they are often depicted in traditional garb. Asian men are most often depicted as martial arts experts, while Asian women suffer from too-frequent portrayals as geishas. Women in all media are portrayed as being in relationships rather than careers and as seeking romance more frequently than male characters on television and in film; in essence, the media stresses their domestic interests. The dominant ideology of gender coverage is patriarchal. Today, the representation of many minority groups in media remains small for the population and representation of all groups remains somewhat inaccurate or restricted but strides continue. 8. What are the characteristics of intercultural conflict? Intercultural conflict occurs because of an individuals lack of knowledge regarding external cultural norms and values. Neither of these individuals communicated effectively with each other and the messages conveyed were not as the communicator intended. This created a sense of vulnerability and frustration for both the parties involved (Jameson, 2007). The major characteristics of intercultural conflict are the following: (1) conflict involves intercultural perceptionsperceptions are filtered through our lenses of ethnocentrism and stereotypes, and perceptions color our conflict attribution process; (2) conflict involves interactionconflict is sustained and managed via verbal and nonverbal behaviors, and verbal and nonverbal behaviors are culture-bound concepts; (3) conflict involves interdependencefor a conflict to arise, the behavior of one or both parties must have consequences for the other, for otherwise the conflict parties can walk away from each other easily; (4) conflict involves both self-interest and mutual-interest goalsconflict is a mixed-up and incomplete jigsaw puzzle, both parties needing something from each other in order to complete the entire picture; and (5) conflict involves the protection of intergroup imagesin an intercultural or intergroup conflict situation, conflict parties have to worry about protecting b oth individual and group-based images. 9. What are the contextual sources of interracial/ethnic conflict? Interracial/ethnic conflict is a dynamic process; any one episode is typically the result of multiple sources of conflict (Hall and Mildred, 1987). In other words, conflict can simultaneously involve personal and cultural issues. In order to provide insight into how conflict often becomes racialized, we describe various sources of interracial/ethnic conflicts. Improper communication is a key source of intercultural anxiety and disagreement. The communication process is quite different among other cultures by how, when and why something is said. Communicating to one group may have different meaning to another based on tone, facial expression or nonverbal indicators. These ideas consist of a persons communication style. Miscommunication can happen when an individual communication styles are unique from someone else. In todays diverse workplace, we may have to deal with a co worker whose communication style differs from ours. Learning effectively to communicate among all different cultures is essential regardless of our line of work. For example, arguing, in some cultures is normal, others it is an unfriendly behavior, and for some the argument is highly emotional. Some cultures characteristics might be more reserve while another tends to be more forward in communication. In some cases, a cultures frankness, and values, such as telling it like it is while other groups maintain harmony. A persons accent varies greatly especially within the same language. We should not pre judge ones accent and make assumptions about that persons background. 10. What is the relationship between ethnicity, gender, religion, and conflict communication? Conflicts often arise in any form of relationship. Whether be in an intimate relationship between a husband and wife, employee with a co-employee, superior officer and employee, friend and friend, parents and children, teacher and student, brother and brother, and so many other relationships. In our lives, we often face many conflicts and disagreement on certain issues (Gudykunst and Young, 1992). These conflicts and disagreement are often based on different ethnicity, gender or religion. But even with the existence of conflicts, there are good ways for conflict communication resolution. Conflict communication does not mean that you have to sacrifice your principles; it simply requires one to come to a point to recognize the other persons view, respect it and to further avoid another conflict communication in the future. Any conflict communication must be resolved at the earliest time to prevent further injury to both parties. Although at times, this is not easy for either party, it is still the best way to do it. When there is an impending conflict communication, the best remedy is to talk and not to wait for any future time to settle a conflict. Because of the busy lives of most persons today, conflict communication is often times unavoidable. However, this could be solved and apprehended immediately as long as you keep an open mind to it. Conflict communication should be seen as a means to enhance relationships by finding out a conflict, giving solutions to it and building stronger and better relationships between two different ethnicities, genders, religions.

Is Mass Media Harming our Society? Essay -- Media Dangers, Internet, TV

In today's society, mass media, including television, radio, and newspaper or magazines have become very dependable sources to so many people. People spend many hours everyday reading about celebrities in the tabloids, watching biased news channels, or participating in violent video games. Even though most media is highly entertaining, people have become so reliant on media that we seem to be harming our community in a very negative fashion. Mass media works as a socializing factor and affects the way we view the world and how we interact with other people. However, the messages that are seen in most of the magazines these days are negative images, especially for the youth of the world. For example, on the front page of popular magazines such as Teen and Cosmopolitan, are celebrities whom are extremely thin and suffer from eating disorders or celebrities who are abusing drugs and alcohol and getting away with it. Both of these situations are extremely popular topics, especially in high school and college, and there is no reason we should be advertising it on the front page of tablo...

How Does Jesus Show People Are More Important Than Law

‘How does Jesus show people are more important than the law? Do you agree? Explain why or why not. ‘ Jesus suggests that people are more important than the law through many of his actions and the things he preached, that went against or undermined the strict Laws the J swish society he was born into held to. Many of these actions and the things he said could be interpreted to mean that Jesus did not think these laws were not applicable in some circus dances anymore and so needn't be obeyed, resulting in him proportioning people, and more imp ardently, love, over some of the laws.Jesus first specifies that people have priority over law in Mark 2:2328, where h e states in particular Sabbath was made for man, not man for the Sabbath. % This s suggests that he was challenging the ‘relinquishing society that the Pharisees had created, where it was no longer about keeping the laws to honor God and for the benefit of man, but instead about abiding to the laws and being pun ished if you didn't. In stating this, Jesus is e emphasizing this and suggesting that the laws were not the most important thing and mercy o n the people was more important if the laws were not kept than punishment.This idea is again submitted in John 8:1 1 1, where instead of punishing the adulterous woman, Jesus grants m Eric on her and instead says ‘Now go and leave your life of sin. ‘ This again implies people are more important than upholding the law, although it is obvious that each scenario is different and must be handled accordingly. Instead of emphasizing law as the most important thing, Jesus instead introduce sec Love as the most important commandment over keeping the law. This is made apparent I n Mark 12:2831, when Jesus stated the most important commandment is ‘Love the Lord your God with all your heart, †¦ LU, †¦ Mind and †¦ Strength' and the second being ‘Love your neighbor our as yourself. ‘ Jesus goes on in Luke 10:2537 to specify that being someone's ‘neighbor' is h avian ‘mercy' on others, shown in the Parable of the Good Samaritan. Within this parable, J sees also depicts the ‘neighbor' as being an â€Å"enemy† of the injured man who broke the Jewish law by touching someone unclean (even though he himself was a Gentile so this din ‘t apply to him but applied to the injured man, whom his own society would have rejected), b UT was identified as doing the right thing even by the Jews listening to the story.Jesus is therefore emphasizing the value of humans over upholding the law, stemming from cacti Eng out of love for them. Jesus also impressed upon the disciples this concept of the laws no longer en ding to be â€Å"forced† upon people and therefore everything being allowed, but the laws ha vying our best interests in mind so keeping them should be for our benefit , and not for the sake of keeping them. This is echoed by Paul in 1 Corinthians 6:12 when he st ates â€Å"everything is permissible for me, but not everything is beneficial. â€Å".This shows humans as now, through Jesus, being et free from the laws, but also states that the laws were originally put in place e for our benefit and protection, thereby suggesting the most logical thing to do would be to u uphold them, but 18/11/14 By Amelia Parkinson Ethics Prep Questions just no longer having to strictly abide by them for the sake of doing so, and m meaning the old laws can now be broken if it is the most loving action to do. Personally, agree with the approach Jesus has to the laws, and think that Poe peel should take priority over abiding by the laws.

FAS essays

FAS essays On any given day in the United States... 10,657 babies are born. (US Census Bureau). Twenty of these babies are born with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Twenty may seem as though it is not a lot, but when you compare it to the fact that this number is more than HIV positive, Muscular Dystrophy, Spina Bifida and Down Syndrome combine it creates a whole new parameter. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is a direct result of a womans competed disregard for the fetus. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS, hereinafter), is a series of both mental and physical birth defects that can include, but are not limited to, mental retardation, deficiencies in growth, central nervous system dysfunction, behavioral maladjustments, and craniofacial abnormalities. It is common knowledge not to smoke or drink during pregnancy. Growth abnormalities can be significant and also includes all three of the following respects of growth: weight, length and head circumference. Most of the time the babys growth abnormalities are so severe they need to be hospitalized because of obvious failure to survive. A baby with craniofacial abnormalities can be recognized by their eyes in that they are small with exaggerated inner epicanthic folds. (Health Visitor Nov. 1981) The bridge of the nose is normally poorly developed. The ears are often large and simple in form. (Midwives Chronicle and Nursing notes) At first, when the baby is delivered, the affected infant shows signs of alcohol withdrawal; with signs that are much similar to delirium tremens in adults. They are often anxious, have a weak grasp, poor hand-to-eye coordination and consistent difficulty in feeding and sucking. People can not blame the mothers for the most part though. It is a common ignorance among the health care providers. Most health care providers are untrained and unfamiliar with substance abuse issues among pregnant women. FAS is widely misdiagnosed and or under diagnosed...

buy custom Water and Freedom essay

buy custom Water and Freedom essay Though many themes are developed in Marilynne Robinsons Housekeeping, the one that deserves particular attention is freedom. The plot of the novel is rather depressive as it shows how parental factor, in particular the lack of their love and attention, can strongly impact children. The reader finds the narrators of the story, Ruth and Sylvie, deeply suffering from abandonment and loneliness due to the lack of mothers help and support. This traumatic feeling is even strengthened with the development of events. This paper will analyze how the development of Ruths personality is interconnected with the theme of water by contrasting the household duties to Sylvies character, flood, and other water-related events. One of the main examples of how the lake relates to freedom can be observed from Sylvie's attachment to it. Since Sylvias life and character was much different from all the other inhabitants of Fingerbore, she is distant from the usual steady life in the village. Her emotional trauma is one of the leading causes of such state of affairs. For instance, one can see how the lake theme, and mainly the disastrous flood, is associated with the aim to isolate Sylvie from the community and household. In such a way, the moral aspect of distance is strengthened by the physical one. In her story, Ruth emphasized that her grandmother often told that, The floods never reached the house (Robinson, 2004, p.59). However, Sylvie's arrival was marked by the raise of water that was absolutely uncommon for the village. In such a way, even the arrival itself was an extraordinary event, which gave water more freedom to reach even the most distant parts. Sylvies character, which is closely connected with the changes of the lake and limiting personal freedom, also has a considerable impact on the other heroes of the novel. For instance, Ruth and Lucilles devotion to one another undergoes serious changes. From close and warm relations, Ruth has felt that Lucille's loyalties were with the other world (Robinson, 2004, p.93). Again, the negatively changed values and strange world is depicted distant from the existing one and is characterized by means of water and boat that was sinking far away from a not-too-distant shore, which, actually, is the community (Robinson, 2004, p.89). This metaphor can be considered as an effective device to define water as personal freedoms and the sores as the society and community which can limit it. Ruth searched for freedom and wanted Sylvie to teach her to walk under water (Robinson, 2004, p.173). As trauma and social rules are associated with depression and pain, water in the lake and diving into it is symbolic for becoming free and satisfied. Paying attention to how Ruth descried the water and trains getting there without even troubling a surface or bridge being a chute into the lake, one should perceive water as the only correct direction that can bring satisfaction and set free (Robinson, 2004, p.173). Such freedom is also associated with rebirth. Ruthies world was obviously undergoing serious changes. If she had been born long time ago, her spiritual world would have been changed under Sylvies influence. What is important, only this final birth associated with water, lake depth and its darkness should become the main way to free from trauma and discomfort she felt in the real world. In conclusion, the water and lake represented in the novel are closely associated with the moral freedom of the young heroine Ruth. Moreover, the character of Sylvie, which is closely associated with lake as well as Ruths reflections and dreams about water, show how the latter symbolizes freedom and liberalization. Among the other themes, Robinson showed how water can be associated with liberalization of mind and serious changes that happen in ones conscience that can set free various thoughts and feelings. Buy custom Water and Freedom essay

The legalization of marijuana for medical purposes Essay

The legalization of marijuana for medical purposes - Essay Example Several studies have revealed that persistent intake of marijuana accelerates the occurrence of the diseases that the proponents of its legalization assert that it cures. Another controversy entails the method of treatment used with marijuana. Smoking is not a very good method for taking medication since it accelerates and causes other conditions. This paper will analyze and discuss in detail the reasons why legalization of marijuana for medicinal purposes should not occur. The paper will provide the premise that states should not legalize marijuana for medicinal purposes. It will first provide a history of the legalization of marijuana for medicinal purposes as well as the nature of the debate surrounding this issue. There has been a vigorous debate about legalization of marijuana for the last 40 years. Some of the policies supporters argue that marijuana is a safe drug hence individuals should possess small quantities. They also assert that criminal sanctions against personal use and ownership characterize at worst extremely harsh and unnecessary penalties. On the other hand, the opposers of the policies claim that alleviating of present laws contradict that marijuana is not a benevolent drug, particularly according to new psychopharmacologic information shows that marijuana shares many characteristics with other illegal drugs. (Joffe & Yancy, 2004). Although researchers acknowledge the medicinal value of marijuana since time in memorial, there are other traditional drugs that cure the same conditions that marijuana can treat since monitoring the dose of marijuana is hard (Koger, 2006). There is unreliable evidence that marijuana may be useful in treating a number of medical conditions hence a v ital force behind efforts to change the legal position of marijuana (Joffe & Yancy, 2004). However, doctors have used the plant for arthritic pain, treatment of pus-forming infections and fever (Koger, 2006). In addition, marijuana may have benefits on these conditions: wasting related to AIDS, nausea after chemotherapy, spastic disorders, and relief of interocular pressure related with glaucoma. However, despite the benefits the dose of marijuana used could risk a patient a prison sentence (Conboy, 2000). The debate on legalization of marijuana for medicinal purposes remains very controversial. While the health professionals are ethically required to offer the best possible treatment, they also have to follow the state and federal laws. Consequently, there has been extensive research to establish the mechanisms, potential uses, side effects, and alternative delivery methods of the contents of this drug (Yambura, 2008). Political buzzwords such as â€Å"War on Drugs† have del ayed the legalization of marijuana in the U.S. In addition, the role of states’ rights complicates the matter further since it is not directly involved in the ethics of the policy as much as the country’s federalist structure (Rabbani, n.d). History of the legalization of marijuana for medical purposes In the modern world, marijuana is one of the most well known and diversified of plants. It was native to central Asia but only recognized for its medicinal purposes five years ago during the reign of the Chinese Emperor Chen Nung. However, marijuana’s medicinal properties were evident much later in the West. In the United States, marijuana was widely used for

Home alone part 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Home alone part 1 - Essay Example It is on one morning he finds himself alone in the house, but the family did not leave him intentionally. His dream comes true, but, unfortunately, some thieves attempt to rob the house but they get arrested in the end. (Bettig, 145) In Home Alone movie, Kevin is struggling to get his freedom in this family full of bullies. He feels that he does not belong to the family and even he gets to a point whereby he wishes that he did not have a family at all. Kevin is left behind by the family after they are rushing to catch the aircraft to Paris for vacation. Kevin was left in his bedroom that is in the third floor because he quarrels with his brother. Unfortunately, he is forgotten and left him in the house alone. However, Kevin is very happy and feels free as he once wished. He feels very good to be alone, having all the pizzas for himself, messing around and also jumping and playing on his parent’s bed. Kevin family is seen to leave their home to Paris for Christmas holiday. As as result, he is left alone in the house unintentionally by his family that he wishes that he never had. Unfortunately, Kevin does not know the real importance of it, or he does not consider it important as the rest of the family members. It is because, even after he learns that he is alone, to him feels like an absolute relieves from his bullying family. Kevin finds his house a difficult place to leave because of his other siblings and cousins too. Kevin is bullied by almost in the house. For instance, he feels that his cousins are bullying him making him do things he does not want to do. On the other hand, Kevin was forced to stay in his bedroom because his brother and he had an argument. In this case he feels bullied. Another theme that evolves the entire movie is the aspect of injustice. For instance, Kevin is forced to go to his bedroom that is on the third floor. He feels that he is not treated equally as the other members of the

Contract Administration and Change Issues Term Paper

Contract Administration and Change Issues - Term Paper Example This is significant as it gives them the right to deal with contract changes as they deem them appropriate. They also approve the use of experts. Additionally, the right to terminate contracts reduces chances of conflicts and lawsuits where there is the likelihood of disagreement. Government contracting binds the terms of the contract between the contractors and the contracting officers as employees of the government, contracting officers and administrators ensure that contracts are run smoothly as per the agreed terms, while at the same time safeguarding the interests of America (Department of State Foreign Affairs, 2012). The officers and administrators ensure that funds are available for procurement and contract activities. GAO investigated the department of energy due to the high costs involved in them. With the responsibility of ensuring that there is adequate use of resources, with calls for lower government spending, then effective monitoring of costs achieves this purpose. Contract schedules identify the activities to be carried out in the contract agreement; it spells out the time for the completion of the activities in a chronological order. Adequate allocation of the available resources is also required to avoid unnecessary delays in contract implementation. Contract activities are then linked together to produce the overall schedule of activities, this, ensures that there is no duplication of activities. Another essential part is estimating the shortest time in which the contract can be completed; this follows the individual time of the activities. There is a need for analysis of the risk factors inherent in the contract, which may delay its completion. An improvement of the methods used in scheduling leads to a better estimate of the time required and the cost involved. Revenue flows can be better projected using the time

Certified General Accountant Essay Example for Free

Certified General Accountant Essay As a Certified General Accountant (CGA), ethics are a fundamental requirement. CGAs affect the welfare of their clients and also the wider stakeholder-society. It is crucial to work in accordance with the six CGA Canada Code of Ethical Principles. Fraud and negligence do occur however and they have negative implications on the professional, the client, the professional body, and society as a whole. For example, in the case of Kelley Lynch, she was trusted by her client, Leonard Cohen, to work responsibly as his business manager (Malemed). Unfortunately, her activities can be analyzed to demonstrate how she failed to act responsibly and directly violated three ethical principles. Lynch violated the ethical principle of Trust and Duties. As a professional accountant, Lynch failed to honour the trust that her client bestowed upon her and used her privileged position as business manager to cater to her own needs. For example, Lynch conspired with Richard Westin to hire him as Cohen’s tax lawyer in order to cater to her self-interest With Westin’s help, they devised a complex corporate structure as a vehicle for retirement savings. Taking advantage of her privilege to access Cohen’s finances, she stole over $50 million. Another key violation is that she failed to remain independent in mind and appearance, as she was once in a personal relationship with Cohen (Malemed). * * Lynch also violated the principle of Responsibilities to Society. She failed to uphold to responsibilities to society, which include acting with trustworthiness, integrity and objectivity. She failed to display these characteristics in her own actions and in her dealings with her colleague, Westin, while serving her client. For example, Lynch is entitled to 15% management compensation, however she broke Cohen’s trust by stealing more than $5 million of his savings, which is greater than her defined compensation amount. She failed to act with integrity and objectivity, when her client took time off from his career. She used this opportunity to receive more royalties through the scheme that Westin helped to develop (Malemed). * * Lynch also directly violated the principle of Deceptive Information. As a professional accountant, Lynch failed to not be associated with information that is false or misleading. With Westin’s help, Lynch pretended to sell Cohen’s music-publishing company and royalty for $12 million. Lynch falsely stated to Cohen that the money from the sale would go to a company owned by his children, but instead it went to a company almost owned entirely by Lynch (Malemed). * * In conclusion, Lynch failed to act responsibly with handling the finances of her client, Cohen and directly violated at least three of the six ethical principles. This is just one incident of fraud and negligence that has occurred in professional accounting bodies. Therefore, to maintain the integrity and respect of the CGA profession, it is crucial that members always act in accordance with the CGA Canada Code of Ethical Principles.

Coal Fired Power Plants Engineering Essay

Coal Fired Power Plants Engineering Essay In this chapter is going to be presented the function and some other aspects of a coal-fired power plant. First of all as coal-fired power plant it can be defined that plant which uses coal as fuel so as to produce electricity. Coal is a fossil fuel which is created through the compression of peat as it is buried under the earth. There are two general types of coal, the black coal and the brown coal. The typical mass of a black coal consists of [1]: 88% carbon 5% hydrogen 5% oxygen 1% nitrogen 1% sulphur In this chapter it will be analyzed the thermodynamic principle on which the operation of a power plant is based and some other auxiliary functions which are significant for the proper operation. Furthermore it is presented the emissions of a coal-fired power plant and some efficient ways so as to be constraint. 3.1 Historical evolution of coal-fired power plants The ever increasing demand for energy made it compelling the deployment of a technology which would have the ability to generate electricity in an effective and affordable way. On that basis the development of coal-fired power plants blocks started during 1950s when the first plants had a capacity of 60 MW and nowadays the capacity has raised up to 1010 MW in Europe and 1300 MW in the USA [2]. According to IEA [3] in year 2010 the total installed capacity of coal-fired power plants was more than 1600 GW and it is expected to be installed more 1000 GW until 2035. In Fig.1 it is presented the total capacity of coal-fired power plants installed through the years from 1920 up to 2004 worldwide an more specifically in countries such as the USA, China, Germany etc. where power demand is in very high levels. From the graph in Fig.1 it is obvious that the total capacity of the coal-fired power stations follows an upward trend. This enormous growth in coal-fired power plants can be explained on the grounds that coal is a very cheap fuel and in abundance in many places around the world as many studies have shown [4-7]. Fig. 1: Cumulative pulverized-coal plant installation between 1920 and 2004. Source: [8] 3.2 Clausius-Rankine Cycle In this section it is presented the basic principle on which it is based the operation of a coal fired power plant. This principle is known from thermodynamics as the Clausius-Rankine cycle or steam cycle. In Fig.2 it is shown the four steps that conclude the steam cycle and the basic devices which are necessary so as to be implemented. More specific the working media is water and steam and in the first step (1-2) the pump increases waters pressure and therefore it is consumed work by the pump. Afterwards in the next step (2-3) input heat Qin from the combustion of pulverised coal is transferred to water which is evaporated and converted into steam, and steam is heated further. In the step (3-4) the steam is expanded from a high pressure turbine to a low pressure one and in this way mechanical work is generated in the shaft of turbines. Ultimately in the final step (4-1) the output heat is released and the steam is condensed into water again. Thus the work of the turbine gained is gi ven by (1). WT = Qin Qout WP (1) Fig.2: Steam cycle. Source: [2]. 3.3 Operation of coal-fired power plants In Section 3.2 it was presented the theory which applies in the function of a coal-fired power station. In this section it is described in more detail all stages of a coal-fired power plant and the way in which the basic principle is implemented in practice. In Fig.3 it is shown a schematic of a typical coal fired power plant and all devices that make it up. The first step of the function of a coal-fired power plant is the supply of coal. This procedure is made through a conveyor belt which transfers coal to the coal hopper. After that coal is pulverized so as to become fine powder. In pulverized fuel boilers coal is pulverized into very small particles about 100 microns and this type of boilers is the most common [1]. The next step is coal to be burnt. Thus a preheated air stream drive the pulverized coal to the burners of the boiler, where fuel is burnt in short time and in this way it is produced a flue gas. This flue gas contains the chemical energy of the fuel (i.e. the coal) which has been converted into thermal energy. A portion of this thermal energy is transferred through radiation and convection into the water which circulates in a network of pipes inside the boiler and therefore the water is evaporated and converted into steam. This steam has very high temperature and pressure at this stage of the procedure (about 25 MPa and 5 00-600 oC [1]) and it is expanded from the high pressure turbine to the low pressure one. More specifically first the high pressure steam drives the high pressure turbine and the exhaust steam returns back to the furnace where it is reheated and drives the intermediate and low pressure turbines. This set of turbines rotates a shaft which is connected with a generator and in this way it is produced electricity. The exhaust steam which released by the low pressure turbine is cooled in the condenser and becomes water again. This water is pumped back to the network of pipes insight the boiler and thus the same procedure is iterated. In the condenser cold water is circulated into tubes, which usually comes from a river or sea. Thus the heat of the exhaust steam is exchanged with this cooling water, which temperature is raised after that and respectively the steam is liquefied and becomes water again. If the plant is near the sea or river, then the cooling water flows back in the sea or river with a higher temperature which usually is 10-20 oC up [1]. Otherwise the warm cooling water should be processed through a cooling tower in order to be cooled. The cooling tower is a system, where the warm cooling water is driven in a higher altitude in the top of the tower and then it flows down, being exposed to an upward stream of air and in this way it is cooled. As far as the flue gases are concerned, they are passed through different cleaning stages before discharged into the atmosphere through the stack. In more specific, the first step is to pass them through a device where the biggest amount of the dust particles is collected. This device is called precipitator. There are three kinds of precipitators which are bag filters, cyclone filters and electrostatic filters [1]. Next they pass into the desulphurisation unit so as the sulphur dioxide (SO2) to be removed. C:UsersGeorgeDesktopMSc SESCarbon capture transportAssignment 1ststeam-power-plant.png Fig.3: Schematic of a coal-fired power plant. Source: [9]. 3.4 Efficiency of coal-fired power plants The efficiency of power plant is a very significant factor, on the grounds that by improving it is needed less fuel to be consumed and CO2 emissions can be constrained. Of course it is not possible for every plant to have the same efficiency and there are many factors which can influence it [10]. In Fig.4 is presented in a flow chart which indicates the transformation of energy in one form to another, the losses in each stage and the total efficiency of a typical coal-fired power station. It can be inferred that the majority of losses occur during the conversion of thermal energy into mechanical in the turbines, where a big amount of thermal energy, i.e. heat is rejected through the condenser into the atmosphere. These losses are approximately 45% of the input energy and this fact is reasonable enough as it is explained by the second law of thermodynamics, which says that all heat engines have to reject some heat. Other significant losses occur in the boiler where about 6% of the inp ut energy is lost in flue gas and in auxiliary procedures, such as the pumps where the losses are roughly 9%. Therefore a typical coal-fired power plant has about 30% to 40% percentage of efficiency [1, 2]. Fig.4: Conversion energy stages, losses and total efficiency of coal-fired power plants. Source: [2] 3.5 Emissions of coal-fired power plants The typical emissions of plant which does not have any cleaning stages are [1]: Carbon Dioxide (CO2): 700 tonnes/hour Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX): 1t tonne/hour Sulphur Dioxide (SO2): 1-20 tonnes/hour Nitrogen (N): 2500 tonnes/hour Steam: 150 tonnes/hour Fly ash: 10-20 tonnes/hour It is noticeable that about 2500 tonnes/hour of Nitrogen are released, nevertheless nitrogen is the major component of the air we breathe and therefore it is deemed harmless. Moreover about 700 tonnes/hour of Carbon dioxide are discharged during the combustion process and on world bases whole coal-fired power plants are responsible for 21% of global carbon dioxide emissions [10]. Despite the fact that CO2 might be harmless in small concentrations as it is a component of air mix, in bigger amounts it poses serious threats for the environment and contributes to the climate change as several studies have shown [11, 12]. Therefore it is compelling to reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide and for this reason it has been developed several techniques of capturing and storage carbon [2, 13]. Nitrogen oxides contribute to acid rain and harm peoples health. They are discharged in bigger amount when the temperature of the boiler is higher [1]. Sulphur dioxide contributes also to the acid rain and therefore flue gases pass through the desulphurisation unit so as SO2 to be removed. Another very harmful emission of coal-fired power plants is the fly ash, which are known as particulates pollutes the environment in great extent and can also be responsible for respiratory problems in terms of peoples health. However most plants are equipped with precipitators so as to remove this dangerous fly ash as it is referred in Section 3.3. 3.6 Advantages-disadvantages of coal-fired power plants One major advantage of using coal for generating electricity is the reliability that offers. The coal-fired power plants can supply power to the grid with great reliability so as blackouts to be avoided during peak electrical loads. Except for that coal is very cheap fuel compared with other fuels and that fact makes this technology affordable enough and there is in abundance. On the other hand the disadvantages of coal-fired power plants are that they release greenhouse gasses into the atmosphere X. References [1] BOYLE, G., EVERETT, B. and RAMAGE, J.: Energy systems and sustainability,(Oxford university press 2003). [2] SPLIETHOFF, H.: Power generation from solid fuels, (Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010). [3] FINKENRATH, M.,SMITH J. and VOLK D.: CCS retrofit. Analysis of the globally installed coal fired power plant fleet, (International Energy Agency 2012), p 17. [4] ANDRULEIT, H., BABIES H.G., MEBNER, J., REHDER, S., SCHAUER, M. and SCHMIDT, S.: Reserves, resources and availability of energy resources 2011, (German Mineral Resources Agency, Hannover 2011). [5] WORLD ENERGY COUNCIL: 2010 Survey of energy resources. Available on: http://www.worldenergy.org/documents/ser_2010_report_1.pdf. Accessed in October 2012. [6] BP: Statistical review of world energy June 2012. Available on: http://www.bp.com. Accessed in October 2012. [7] THIELEMANN, T., SCHMIDT, S. and GERLING J.P.: Lignite and hard coal: Energy suppliers for world need until the year 2100 An outlook, International journal of coal geology, 2007, 72, pp. 1-14. [8] YEH, S. and EDWARD, S.R.: A centurial history of technological change and learning curves for pulverized coal-fired utility boilers, Energy, 2007, 32, pp. 1996-2005. [9] Image. Available on: http://electricalandelectronics.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/steam-power-plant.png. [10] IEA: Power generation from coal: Measuring and reporting efficiency performance and CO2 emissions. Available on: http://www.iea.org/ciab/papers/power_generation_from_coal.pdf. Accessed in October 2012. [11] NORBY, R.J. and LUO, Y.: Evaluating ecosystem responses to rising atmospheric CO2 and global warming in a multi-factor world, New phytologist, 2004, 162, pp. 281-293. [12] DELWORTH, T.L., MAHLMAN, J.D. and KNUTSON, T.R.: Changes in heat index associated with CO2-induced global warming, Climatic change, 1999, 43, pp. 369-386. [13] GIBBINS, J. and CHALMERS, H.: Carbon capture and storage, Energy policy, 2008, 36, pp. 4317-4322.